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同位语从句

1-同位语

一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。

同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。

  • Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
  • He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.(John 是 brother 的同位语)
  • Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
  • We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.(Chinese people 是 we 的同位语)
  • He is interested in sports, especially ball games.(ball games 是 sports 的同位语)

2-同位语从句

同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴。

同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。

2-1 先行词

可以连接同位语从句的名词有：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words(消息)，possibility, decision 等(一般的”抽象”名词)。

2-2 引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词 that, whethe, 连接代词和连接副词等。

  1. that 连接从句时，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句

    that 不能省略，没有具体的含义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。

    • The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.(that 引导的从句作 idea 的同位语)
    • We heard the news that our team had won.(news 的同位语)
    • They were worried over the fact that you were sick.(fact 的同位语)

    在某些名词(如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等) 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。

    • There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

    引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

    • He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

  2. whether 引导同位语从句

    if 不能引导同位语从句

    • There is some doubt whether he will come.
    • Answer my question whether you are coming.
    • The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.
    • We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
  3. 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose 引导同位语从句
    • I have no idea what size shoes she wears.(what 作 size 的定语)
    • The question who will take his place is still not clear.(who 作同位语从句的主语)
    • Have you any idea what time it starts?
    • I have no idea who can really understand my complicated mind.
  4. 连接副词 where, when, why, how 引导同位语从句
    • I have no idea when he will come back.
    • It is a question how he does it.
    • He had no idea why she left.
    • You have no idea how worried I was!
    • We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.